There has been a cyclic pattern occurring throughout the short history of California concerning the popularity of spiritual religious and mystical interests. Whenever Californian faces hardship or crises, great numbers of people look towards the spiritual for help and inspiration. During the Depression the "Foursquare Gospel (faith)…was part of a national revival of religious fundamentalism" appealing to the immigrants newly arrived in California from the Midwest "Dust Bowl" crisis (34). After World War II, because of "American forces and diplomatic corps…encounter(ing) Asian cultures,…Zen…became a new fascination"(41). The practice of Zen helped the in the search "to comprehend the devastation of World War II"(41). In present times, California not only faces a major depression but a world in economic and ecological crisis. Millions of people are turning not only to contemporary religions but also to mysticism: a "means of enabl(ing) a person to transcend his physicality and enter a spiritual realm"(47).
Zen and Buddhism, considered mystical religions offer a vehicle by which people can "foster a better understanding of oneself and the universe" (31) "by encourag(ing) spiritual and physical discipline as the path to self-awareness"(37). "Zen emphasized that the role of the individual and the use of intuition were essential in attaining an elevated state of consciousness"(41) thereby enabling "the expression of the inner self, while achieving 'total receptivity'"(43) or awareness. Man, inherently an animal--conservative "religious right" factions arguing otherwise--has successfully survived for over a million years relying on instinct for perseverance (onelife). It is only within the last two hundred years that man has affected the ecological balance of the earth by putting aside their animal instincts and developing mind-based technologies. Much can be learned by contemporary leaders in utilizing Zen and Buddhist philosophies and beliefs and in effect, placing "importance not on things but on process" in attempts to finding solutions for the present world crises (41).
Fort, Ilene Susan. "Altered States: California Art and The Inner World". Reading California. Art, Image, and Identity, 1900-2000. Eds. Stephaie Barron, Sheri Bernstein, Ilene Susan Fort. Berkely: University of California Press. 2001.

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